allegory 

allusion                   

ambiguity

archaic

archetype  

asyndeton

conceit                

etymology

idiom (figurative language)

incongruity

juxtaposition

rhetoric 

metonymy

ellipsis

logical fallacy  

motif

parallelism   

parody  

polysyndeton

rebuttal

semantics

stichomythia  

synecdoche

syntax

vernacular 

anaphora